¾ÍÈ¥¶ÁС˵Íø > ÎÄѧµç×ÓÊé > ÓÈÀûÎ÷˹עÊÍ >

µÚ18ÕÂ

ÓÈÀûÎ÷˹עÊÍ-µÚ18ÕÂ

С˵£º ÓÈÀûÎ÷˹עÊÍ ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



£§15£§°ÂÀ­·òÊÇ»ù¶½½Ì´«À´Ö®Ç°£¬¹Å°®¶ûÀ¼µÄ²©Ñ§´óʦ¼æÊ«ÈË¡£ÕâÀïÖ¸°®¶ûÀ¼ÎÄÒÕ¸´ÐËÔ˶¯µÄÁìµ¼ÈËÖ®Ò»À­Èû¶û¡£
£§16£§¿¿·þÊÌԺʿÃDz¢×öЩÔÓÎñÒÔÈ¡µÃÃâ·Ñ´ýÓöµÄѧÉú¡£ËûÃǵıêÖ¾ÊÇÍ·´÷ºìÉ«±ãñ¡£
£§17£§¡°Ä§¹íÍ´¿Þ¡±Óë¡°ÌÊÏÂÁËÌìʹ°ãµÄÑÛÀᡱ£¬ÏµÄ£·Â¡¶Ê§ÀÖÔ°¡·¾ílÖеÄÊ«¾ä¡£
£§18£©Ô­ÎÄΪÒâ´óÀûÎÄ£¬³ö×Ô¡¶ÉñÇú¡£µØÓü¡·µÚ21ƪĩ¾ä¡£
£§l9£§¿ËÀ¼ÀûÊÇÒÔÇÇÒÁ˹µÄÅóÓÑJ¡£F¡£²®¶÷ΪԭÐͶøËÜÔìµÄÈËÎ²Î¿´µÚÒ»ÕÂ×¢£§29£§£©¡£¿ËÀ¼ÀûÔø˵£¬ÔÚÍþ¿ËÂ壨°®¶ûÀ¼Â×˹ÌØÊ¡Ò»¿¤£¬¶«ÁÙ°®¶ûÀ¼º££©Õҵõ½°üÀ¨Ëû±¾ÈËÔÚÄÚµÄÊ®¶þ¸öÓÐ־֮ʿ£¬¾Í×ãÒÔÕü¾È°®¶ûÀ¼¡£
£§2O£§ÔÚÒ¶Ö¥µÄ¾ç±¾¡¶»í²Å×Ó¿­Ë¼ÁÖ¡·£¨1902£©ÖУ¬¿­Ë¼ÁÖÕâ¸öƶÇîµÄÀÏÒöÏóÕ÷×Åʧȥ×ÔÓɵİ®¶ûÀ¼¡£Ëý˵ËýÄÇËÄƬÃÀÀöµÄÂÌÒ°£¨Ö¸°®¶ûÀ¼µÄËÄÊ¡£¬°¢¶û˹ÌØ¡¢Â×˹ÌØ¡¢Ã¢Ë¹ÌØ¡¢¿µÅµÌØ£©¶¼±»¶á×ßÁË¡£¡°¼ÒÀïµÄÄ°ÉúÈË¡±£¬Ö¸Ó¢¹úÈëÇÖÕß¡£
£§21£§Ô­ÎÄΪÀ­¶¡ÎÄ¡£ÕâÊÇÓÌ´ó³öÂôÒ®öÕºó£¬ÎªÁËÈÃËû´øÀ´µÄÈË´þ²¶Ò®öÕ¶ø¶ÔÒ®öÕËù˵µÄ»°¡£¼û¡¶ÂíÌ«¸£Òô¡·µÚ26ÕµÚ49½Ú¡£À­±ÈÊÇÓÌÌ«½ÌÖжÔÀÏʦµÄ×ð³Æ¡£Ò²Ö¸ÓÌÌ«½Ì½ÌÊ¿£¬ÓÌÌ«·¨Ñ§¼Ò¡£
£§22£§µÙÄÇÒÀÀûÊÐÔÚÍþÂå¿Ë¿¤¡£
£§23£§ÕâÀ˹µÙ·ÒתÄîÏëµ½°®¶ûÀ¼ÎÄÒÕ¸´ÐËÔ˶¯µÄÁíÒ»Áìµ¼ÈË£¬Ê«¾ç¼ÒÔ¼º²¡£Ã×ÁÖ¶Ù¡£ÐÁ¸ñ£¨1871Ò»1909£©µÄ¶ÀÄ»¾ç¡¶ÏÁ¹ÈµÄÒõÓ°¡·£¨1903ÄêÊ×ÑÝ£©¡£¡¡Å®Ö÷½ÇŵÀ­ÏÓÕÉ·ò¶ÔËýÌ«Àäµ­£¬ÕÉ·òÁ¬Éù¡°×£Äãһ·ƽ°²¡±¶¼Ã»Ëµ£¬¾Í°ÑËý¸Ï³ö¼ÒÃÅ¡£ÅµÀ­ºÍËýËù°®µÄÒ»¸öºÃÁÔÊÖÒ»µÀͶÈë´ó×ÔÈ»µÄ»³±§ÖУ¬Ñ°Çó×ÔÓÉ×ÔÔÚµÄÉú»îÈ¥ÁË¡£
£§24£§ÕâÀ˹µÙ·ÒÏëÆðËû¸øÄÂÀû¸ù´òµç±¨Ê¡£µçÎIJο´±¾ÕÂ×¢£§282£§¼°ÓйØÕýÎÄ¡£
£§25£§Ö¸±¾¡£ÇíÉ­£¨Ô¼1572Ò»1637£©£¬Ó¢¹ú¾ç×÷¼Ò¡¢Ê«È˼°ÆÀÂÛ¼Ò¡£ËûÔøÔÞÓþɯʿ±ÈÑÇΪ¡°Ê±´úµÄÁé»ê¡±£¬µ«ÓÖÅúÆÀËûȱÉÙ¡°ÒÕÊõ¡±¡£
£§26£§Õ²Ä·Ë¹Ò»ÊÀ£¨1568Ò»1625£©£¬Ó¢¹ú˹ͼÑÇÌØÍõ³¯µÚÒ»´ú¹úÍõ£¨1603Ò»1625ÔÚ룩¡£
£§27£§Ö¸°£Èû¿Ë˹²®¾ôÈýÊÀ£¨1591Ò»1646£©£¬Ó¢¹ú¾üÈË£¬ÒÁÀöɯ°×Ò»ÊÀµÄ³è³¼¡£
£§28£§¡°ÎÞÐεľ«ÉñÕæË衱ÊÇ°®¶ûÀ¼Ê«ÈË£¨±ÊÃûA¡£E¡££©À­Èû¶ûϲÓõÄÓï»ã¡£ÀýÈçÔÚ¡¶×Ú½ÌÓë°®¡·£¨1904£©ÖУ¬Ëû¾ÍÓô˴ÊÀ´³ÆÔÞҶ֥дʫµÄ²Å»ª¡£
£§29£§¹Å˹Ëþ·ò¡£ÄªÂÞ£¨1826¡ª¡ª1898£©£¬·¨¹úÏóÕ÷Ö÷Òå»­¼Ò£¬±»ÈÏΪÊdzéÏó±íÏÖÖ÷ÒåµÄÏÈÇý¡£
£§30£§ÕâÀ˹µÙ·ÒÏëÆðÁ˵±ÌìÖÐÎç½Ü¡£½Ü¡£°ÂĪÂåÒÁ¸æËßËûµÄÊ¡£²Î¿´µÚÆßÕ¡°¸ß·çÁÁ½Ú֮ʿ¡±Ò»½Ú¡£
£§31£§Í¨ÉñѧÒÔ¡°¸¸¡¢µÀ¡¢Ê¥Ï¢¡±ÎªÈýλһÌå¡£µÀºÍ¡°ÍòÁéÖ®¸¸¡±¾ùÖ¸ÈýλһÌåµÄµÚ¶þ룬¼´»ù¶½¡£¼û¡¶Ô¼º²¸£Òô¡·µÚ1Õ¡£ÌìÈËÖ¸Ñǵ±¡£
£§32£§Ô­ÎÄΪϣÀ°Ó¼´Ò®öÕ¡£»ù¶½¡£
£§33£§Â߸÷˹ÊÇÏ£À°ÕÜѧ¡¢ÉñѧÓÃÓï¡£¡¶Ô¼º²¸£Òô¡·µÚ1ÕÂ˵£¬Ò®öÕ»ù¶½ÊǵÀ£¨Â߸÷˹£©³ÉÁËÈâÉí¡£Ö¸Ô̲ØÔÚÓîÖæÖ®ÖС¢Ö§ÅäÓîÖ沢ʹÓîÖæ¾ßÓÐÐÎʽºÍÒâÒåµÄ¾ø¶Ô¡¡µÄÉñÊ¥Ö®Àí¡£
£§34£§Ó¢¹úÉç»á¸Ä¸ï¼Ò±´ÔÞÌØ·òÈË£¨1847Ò»1933£©£¬Ò»¶ÈΪ·Ñ±ßÉç»áÖ÷ÒåÕߣ¬¡¡ºó¸ÄÐź£¡£Åå¡£²ªÀ­Íß´Ä»ùµÄѧ˵£¬³ÉΪÉñÖÇѧÕß¡£ËýÔøÔÚÓ¡¶È¾Óס¶àÄ꣬ÔÚ¡¶¹Å´úÖǻۡ·£¨Â׶أ¬1897£©Ò»ÊéÖжԼÀìܵĽäÂÉÒ²×öÁËÑо¿¡£Ë¹µÙ·ÒÔÚÕâÀïÌ×ÓÃÁËÓ¡¶ÈÊ·Ê«¡¶Ä¦Ú­ÆÅÂ޶ࡷµÚ6ƪ¡¶²§åÈ·üÖï¼Ç¡·ÖеĻ°¡£
£§35£§µ¤Äá¶û¡£Äá¿Æ¶û¡£µËÂåÆÕ£¬°®¶ûÀ¼Í¨ÉñÂÛÕß¡£ÔøÖ÷±à¡¶°®¶ûÀ¼Í¨ÉñÂÛÕß¡·£¨Ô¼1896Ò»1915£©£¬²¢Óð¢À×Ëþ˹ÕâÒ»±ÊÃû·¢±íÎÄÕ¡£
£§36£§ÍþÁ®¡£Q¡£¼ÖÆ棨1851Ò»1896£©£¬°®¶ûÀ¼ÒáÃÀ¹úͨÉñÂÛÕߣ¬ÔøЭÖúº£¡£Åå¡£²ªÀ­Íß´Ä»ù½¨Á¢Í¨Éñѧ»á¡£
£§37£§¼û¡¶ÓÈÀûÎÚ˹¡£âýÈö¡·µÚ5Ä»µÚ5³¡¡£ÕâÔ­ÊÇ°²¶«Äá¶Ô²ªÂ³ÍÐ˹µÄÆÀÓï¡£
£§38£§Ô­Ö¸¹ÅÂÞÂíµÄ¼À˾ÍÅ°¢¶ûÍ߶ûµÜÐֻᡣÆäÖ°ÔðÊÇÿÄêÖ÷³ÖÏ×¼ÀÒÔÆíµ»ÍÁµØ·ÊÎÖ¡£³ÉÔ±¹²Ê®¶þÈË£¬´Ó×î¸ß½×²ãÑ¡³ö¡£´ÓÊÂͨÉñÂÛÕßÔ˶¯µÄÒ²ÓÐÊ®¶þÈË£¬¡¡²¢ÆðÃûÃܽÌÅÉ»ò°¢¶ûÍ߶û¡£
£§39£§Ö¸Î÷²ØÈË¿âÌØ¡£ºúÃ×´óÊ¥¡£ËûÊǺ£¡£Åå¡£²ªÀ­Íß´Ä»ùµÄÁ½Î»´óʦ֮һ¡£
£§40£§´ó°×ÎÝÖ§²¿£¬²Î¿´µÚÆßÕÂ×¢£§194£§£¬ÐÅ·îÉñÃØÖ÷ÒåµÄÀ­Èû¶ûµÈÈ˾ùΪÆä³ÉÔ±¡£
£§41£§°´ÌìÖ÷½ÌµÄ˵·¨£¬ÐÞÅ®ÔÚ¾«ÉñÉÏÒѼ޸ø»ù¶½£¬¹ÊÖÕÉú±£³Ö¶ÀÉí¡£
£§42£§Ô­ÎÄ×÷sophia¡£°´ÕÕͨÉñÂÛµÄ˵·¨£¬ÏµÖ¸È˸ñ»¯Á˵ÄÉñÖ®Öǻۡ£´ËÍâ¼´Ö¸Ò®öÕ»ù¶½¡£
£§43£§¿âçê¡£°Â¿ËÀû·òÈË£¨1854Ò»£¿£©µÄ½ÌÃûÊÇÒÁɯ±´¶û¡£²»ÂÛÔÚÓ¡¶È£¨1884ÄêÆ𣩻¹ÊÇÂ׶أ¨1890ÄêÆ𣩣¬¾ùΪº£Â×ÄȵĵÃÁ¦ÖúÊÖ¡£
£§44£§¡°ºß£¡ºß£¡¡£ºÍ¡°ÅÞ£¡ÅÞ£¡¡±·Ö±ðÌ×ÓᶹþÄ·²ËÌØ¡·µÚ1Ä»µÚ2³¡ºÍµÚ2Ä»µÚ2³¡ÖйþÄ·À³ÌصĶÀ°×¡£
£§45£§Ô­ÎÄΪµÂÓï¡£
£§46£§Àí²éµÂ¡£Å·ÎÄ¡£±´Ë¹ÌØ£¨1872Ò»1959£©£¬°®¶ûÀ¼¹úÁ¢Í¼Êé¹Ý¸±¹Ý³¤£¬Ôø°Ñ·¨¹ú½ÌÊÚÂêÀû¡£ºàÀû¡£´ï²ª°¢¡£µÂ¡£Öì°àά¶û£¨1827Ò»1910£©µÄ¡¡¡¶°®¶ûÀ¼Éñ»°Ê¼Ä©Óë¿­¶ûÌØÉñ»°¡·Òë³ÉÓ¢ÎÄ£¬Ò»¾Å0ÈýÄêÔÚ¶¼°ØÁÖ³ö°æ¡£
£§47£§°ØÀ­Í¼µÄ¡¶ÀíÏë¹ú¡·Ä©Î²£¬¼ÈÓжÔÏÖÊÀÀÍ¿àµÄ»Ø¹Ë£¬ÓÖÓйØÓÚÀ´ÊÀµÄÚ¤Ïë¡£¶ø¹þÄ·À³ÌØÔÚµÚ3Ä»µÚ1³¡µÄ¶À°×ÖУ¬±íʾ¼È²»Ô¸Ôټ縺Éú»îµÄÖص££¬¶Ô²»¿ÉÖªµÄÀ´ÊÀÓÖ¹ËÂÇÖØÖØ¡£
£§48£§Ö¸°ØÀ­Í¼¡£ÑÇÀí˹¶àµÂµÄ¡¶Ê«Ñ§¡·±»ÊÓÁ¦¶ÔÊ«È˵Ŀ϶¨¡£°ØÀ­Í¼ÔÚ¡¶ÀíÏë¹ú¡·µÚ10¾í¡°Ê«È˵Ä×ï×´¡±ÖУ¬½èËÕ¸ñÀ­µ×Ö®¿Ú˵¡°´ÓºÉÂíÆ𣬡¡Ò»ÇÐÊ«È˶¼Ö»ÊÇÄ¡·ÂÕß¡±£¬²¢ÔÚºóÃæÌá¼°¡°ÎªÊ²Ã´Òª°ÑÊ«´ÓÀíÏë¹úÇýÖð³öÈ¥¡±¡£¡¡ÕâЩ»°±»ÊÓÁ¦¼¥·í£¬µ«ÈËÃdz£ÈÏΪÄÇÖ±½Ó±í´ïÁË°ØÀ­Í¼µÄÏë·¨¡£
£§49£§Éý½µÁ÷ºÍÒÁÓ¿¾ùΪŵ˹Ìæ½Ì£¨Èں϶àÖÖÐÅÑöµÄͨÉñѧºÍÕÜѧµÄ×ڽ̣¬Ê¢ÐÐÓÚ2ÊÀ¼Í£©ÓÃÓŵ˹Ìæ½ÌÒåÖ÷Òª½²È˺ÍÈËÔÚÓîÖæÖеÄλÖᣡ¡¡¡Éý½µÁ÷Ö¸ÓîÖæÐÐÐǵÄÔËÐУ¬ÒÁÓ¿Ö¸ÖÁ¸ßÉñËùÒç³öµÄÒ»Åú¾«Áé¡£ÏÂÎÄÖеġ°Éñ£º½ÖÉϵĺ°½Ð¡±£¬²Î¿´µÚ¶þÕÂ×¢£§78£§¼°ÓйØÕýÎÄ¡£
£§50£§åÐңѧÅɼ´ÑÇÀí˹¶àµÂѧÅÉ¡£Òò¹ÅÏ£À°ÕÜѧ¼ÒÑÇÀí˹¶àµÂÔÚѧ԰ÄÚÂþ²½½²Ñ§¶øµÃÃû¡£
£§5l£§ÕâÀïÌ×Óõ«¶¡µÄ¡¶ÉñÇú¡£µØÓü¡·ºÍÍþÁ®¡£²¼À³¿ËµÄ¡¶ÃÖ¶û¶Ù¡·¡£ÔÚ¡¶µØÓü¡·µÚ34ƪĩβ£¬Î¬¼ª¶û±³×ŵ«¶¡£¬Ï½µµ½¶ñħµÄÍβ¿£¬ÓÖµôתÀ´ÏòÉÏÅÀ£¬¡¡¡¡´ÓµØÓü·µ»ØÈ˼䡣ÍþÁ®¡£²¼À³¿ËµÄ¡¶ÃÖ¶û¶Ù¡·µÚ1ƪ£º¡°±ÈÈËѪÖеĺìѪÇò»¹Ð¡µÄÿ¸ö¿Õ¼ä/ͨÏòÓÀºã/Õâ¸öÖ²ÎïÊÀ½ç½öÖ»ÊÇÆäһĨÒõÓ°¡£¡±
£§52£§Ì×ÓÃÊ¥°Â¹Å˹¶¡£¨353Ò»430£©ËùÖø¡¶ÂÛÁé»êÖ®²»Ðà¡·Öеġ°Ðж¯µÄÒâÖ¾ÊôÓÚÏÖÔÚ£¬Î´À´¾­ÓÉÕâÀïÓ¿Èë¹ýÈ¥¡±Ò»Óï¡£
£§53£§²Î¿´±¾ÕÂ×¢£§46£§¡£
£§54£§ÕâÊǵÀ¸ñÀ­Ë¹¡£º£µÂ£¨²Î¿´µÚÈýÕÂ×¢£§169£§£©µÄÒ»Ê×Ê«µÄµÚÒ»½Ú¡£µÚ¶þÐеġ°Âéľ¡±£¬Ô­Ê«ÖÐ×÷¡°ÓнÌÑø¡±¡£´ËÊ«ÊÕÈëÆäËùÖø¡¶ÔçÆڸǶûÎÄѧµÄ¹ÊÊ¡·£¨Â׶أ¬1894£©ÖС£º£µÂÓÚÒ»°Ë¾ÅÈýÄê´´Á¢¸Ç¶ûÓïÁªÃË£¬ÁíÍ⻹ÖøÓС¶°®¶ûÀ¼ÎÄѧʷ¡·£¨1899£©¡£
£§55£§ÕâÊǺ£¶÷˹ÔÚµ±ÌìÔ糿ǰÍùº£ÍåµÄ·É϶Ô˹µÙ·ÒËù˵µÄ»°¡£¼ûµÚÒ»ÕÂĩβ¡£
£§56£§ÇÔÔôÖ¸Ó¢¹úÈË¡£
£§57£§ÕâÊÇÔ¼º²¡£·Æ¶û²¨ÌØ¡£¿ÂÂ×£¨1750¡ª¡ª1817£©Ëùд¡¶ÎÒµÄÐÄÔÚÌø¶¯¡·Ò»Ê«µÄµÚ¶þ¾ä¡£Â̱¦Ê¯ÏóÕ÷°®¶ûÀ¼¡£Ê×¾äÊÇ£º¡°ºÃ°®ÁÕ£¬ÄãµÄÂÌÐØÆð·ü£¬¶àôÓÕÈË¡£¡±
£§58£§Ô­ÎÄ×÷auricegg£¬ÊÇͨÉñѧÃû´Ê£¬Ö¸×¿¾øµÄ˼Ïë¼Ò¡£¼û²¨ÒÁ˹¡£»ô¶ûÌØËù±à¡¶Í¨ÉñÂÛÊõÓï´Çµä¡·£¨Â׶أ¬1910£©¡£
£§59£§Ë¹µÙ·Ò¡£ÂíÀ­Ã·£¨1842¡ª¡ª1898£©£¬·¨¹úÏóÕ÷ÅÉÊ«ÈË¡¢ÀíÂÛ¼Ò¡£ËûÈÏΪÍêÃÀÐÎʽµÄÕæÚÐÔÚÓÚÐéÎÞÖ®ÖУ¬Ê«È˵ÄÈÎÎñ¾ÍÊÇÈ¥¸ÐÖªÄÇЩÕæÚв¢¼ÓÒÔÄý¾Û¡¢ÔÙÏÖ¡£
£§60£§ÁéÐÔƶ·¦Õߣ¬¼û¡¶ÂíÌ«¸£Òô¡·µÚ5ÕµÚ3½Ú¡£ÏÂÎÄÖеÄëèÒÀ»ùÈË£¬¼û¡¶°ÂµÂÐ޼͡·¾í6ÖÐÃíÎ÷¿¨¹«Ö÷µÄ¹ÊÊ¡£ëèÒÀ»ùÈ˵ĵºÉÏËļ¾¶¼ÓÐË®¹û£¬ÄÐÈËÉó¤¼Ý´¬£¬Å®ÈËÉÆÓÚ·ÄÖ¯£¬ÍõºîÊ®·Ö¸»ÓС£
£§61£§Ë¹µÙ·Ò¡£Âó¿ËÄÉ£¨1872Ò»1954£©£¬°®¶ûÀ¼ÐÂÎżÇÕß¡¢ÓïÑÔѧ¼Ò¡¢ÕÜѧÑо¿Õß¡£
£§62£§Ö¸ÂíÀ­Ã·µÄÉ¢ÎÄÊ«¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØÓ븣͢²¼À­¡·£¨1896£©¡£
£§63£§Ô­ÎÄΪ·¨Óï¡£¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØ¡·µÚ2Ä»µÚ2³¡ÓйþÄ·À³´ýÍõ×ӱ߶Á×ÅÒ»±¾ÊéÉϳ¡µÄ³¡Ã档ղķ˹¡£ÇÇÒÁ˹µÄ¡°ÄÚÐĵĶÀ°×¡±µÄд×÷¼¼ÇÉ¿ÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½É¯Ê¿±ÈÑDZÊϵĶÀ°×¡£ÆÀÂÛ¼Ò˹ͼ¶ûÌØ¡£¼ª¶û²®ÌØÈÏΪ£¬¾ÍÏñÂíÀ­Ã·¶Ô¹þÄ·À³´ýËù×öµÄÆÀÊöÄÇÑù£¬Ò»²¿¡¶ÓÈÀûÎ÷˹¡·Ëù¼Ç¼µÄ¾ÍÊDz¼Â¬Ä·ºÍ˹µÙ·Ò¡°±ß¶Á×Å×Ô¼ºÐÄÁéµÄÊé±ßÂþ²½¡±µÄÇé¾°¡£ÂíÀ­Ã·°µÊ¾Ëµ£¬¼Ù×°·¢·èµÄ¹þÄ·À³ÌØËù¶ÁµÄÕýÊÇ¡°×Ô¼ºÐÄÁéµÄÊ顱£¬ÕâÒ»µãÒýÆðÁ˱´Ë¹ÌØÏÈÉúµÄÐËȤ¡£
£§64£§ÒÔÉÏËÄÐеÄÔ­ÎÄΪ·¨Óï¡£
£§65£§¡¢£§66£§Ô­ÎÄΪ·¨Óï¡£
£§67£§¡¶ÐÄÉñ»Ðã±µÄÆòؤ¡·ÊÇÓ¢¹úС˵¼Ò¡¢Ê«ÈËÀ­µÏÑǵ¡£¼ª²·ÁÖ£¨1865Ò»1936£©×÷´Ê¡¢°¢Éª¡£É³ÀûÎÄÅäÇúµÄÒ»Ê׸裨¡°¿ÒÇëÄãÖÀÈëÎÒµÄСÁå¹ÄÒ»ÏÈÁ/ΪÁË·îµ÷ÄÏ·½´©ÍÁ»Æ¾ü·þµÄÏÈÉúÃÇ¡£¡±£©£¬ÔÚÄÏ·ÇÕ½ÕùÆÚ¼äÑݳª£¬ÔøΪӢ¹úÊ¿±øļ¼¯¶þÍòÎå¸ÉÓ¢°÷¡£ÕâÀ˹µÙ·ÒÊÇÕ¾ÔÚ°®¶ûÀ¼ÈË·´¶ÔÓ¢¹úÀ©ÕÅÖ÷ÒåµÄÁ¢³¡À´ÒýÓô˴ʵġ£
£§68£§¡°ÓÅÐãµÄÃñ×塱ָ·¨¹úÃñ×å¡¢º¬ÓÐÍÚ¿àÒâζ¡£Ö¸¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØ¡·±¾À´ÊÇÒ»³ö°üº¬ÉîåäÕÜÀíµÄÏ·£¬ÂíÀ­Ã·È´°Ñ¹þÄ·À³ÌØÍõ×Ó¿´×÷ÊÇ¡°ÐÄÉñ»Ðã±µÄÄÐ×Ó¡±¡£
£§69£§¡°ºÀ»ª¡­¡­Ð×ɱ¾ç¡±Ò»Ó³ö×Ô¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØÓ븣͢²¼À­¡·£¨¼û±¾ÕÂ×¢£§62£§¡£
£§70£§ÂÞ²®ÌØ¡£¸ñÁÖ£¨1558Ò»1592£©£¬Ó¢¹úС˵¼Ò¡¢Ï·¾ç¼Ò¡¢Ð¡²á×Ó×÷Õߣ¬Ò²ÊÇÉ¢ÎÄ×÷¼ÒÖ®Ò»¡£É¯Ê¿±ÈÑǵġ¶¶¬ÌìµÄ¹ÊÊ¡·£¨1610£©Ö±½ÓÈ¡²ÄÓÚ¸ñÁÖµÄÌïÔ°Ê«¡¶Å˶à˹ÍС·£¨1588£©¡£ËûÔÚ×Ô´«ÐÔС²á×Ó¡¶°ÙÍòâã»Ú»»È¡µÄËıãÊ¿µÄÖǻۡ·£¨1592£©Àï˵£¬Ì°À·ÄËÊÇ¡°Áé»êµÄ¹ô×ÓÊÖ¡±¡£Õâ¸öС²á×Ó¸½ÓÐÖÂÈý¸öͬʱ´úÏ·¾ç¼ÒµÄÐÅ£¬ÆäÖй¥»÷ɯʿ±ÈÑÇÊÇ¡°Ò»Ö»×ÔÃü²»·²µÄÎÚÑ»£¬ÓÃÎÒÃǵÄÓðëÃÀ»¯Ëû×Ô¼º¡±¡£
£§71£§ÍÀ·òµÄ¶ù×Óָɯʿ±ÈÑÇ¡£Ëû¸¸Ç×Ô¼º²£¨¡£Ò»1601£©×ö¹ý÷·Æ¤ÊÖÌ×¹¤½³¡£Ó¢¹úÎÄÎï¼ÒÔ¼º²¡£°Â²¼À1629Ò»1697£©ÊÇÍ·Ò»¸öÌá³öËûµ±¹ýÍÀ·òµÄ¡£
£§72£§Ô­ÎÄ×÷¡°wieldingthesleddedpoleaxe¡±¡£¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØ¡·µÚ1Ä»µÚ1³¡ÖУ¬»ôÀ­ÐñÔø˵ËûÁ³ÉϵÄÄǸ±Å­ÈÝ£¬»îÏñÓÐÒ»´ÎÔÚ̸ÅоöÁѺóËû°ÑÄÇЩ³ËÑ©ÇÁµÄ²¨À¼ÈË»÷À£ÔÚ±ùÉÏʱµÄÉñÇé¡£ÕâÊÇË«¹ØÓï¡£PoleaxeÊÇÔ×Å£¸«£¬¶øPoleÔòΪ²¨À¼ÈË£»sleddedԭΪ¡°³ËÑ©ÇÁ¡±£¬ÕâÀï½â×÷¡°Ä¥µÃï­ÁÁ¡±¡£
£§73£§ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬¡¶¹þÄ·²ËÌØ¡·Ò»¾çÖÐÏȺó¹²ËÀµô°Ë¸öÈË¡£
£§74£§¡¶ÌìÖ÷¾­¡·Ê×¾äΪ£º¡°ÎÒÃÇÔÚÌìÉϵĸ¸Çס±£¬ÕâÀï°Ñ¡°ÌìÉÏ¡±¸Ä³ÉÁË¡°Á¶Óü¡±¡£ÔÚ¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØ¡·µÚ1Ä»µÚ5³¡ÖУ¬¹þÄ·À³Ìظ¸ÍõµÄ¹í»êÔøÏòËûÃèÊö×ÔÒÑÔÚÁ¶ÓüÖÐËùÊÜ»ðÑæÉÕ×ƵÄÇé¾°¡£
£§75£§ÕâÀï°Ñ¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØ¡·Ò»¾çĩβµÄÁ÷Ѫ²Ò¾ç±È×÷ÄÏ·ÇÕ½ÕùÖеÄɱ¾¡£µ±Ê±Ó¢¹úÊ¿±ø¾ù´©ÍÁ»ÆÉ«ÖÆ·þ¡£Ò»°Ë°ËÆßÄêÔÚ¿Æ¿Ë¿¤µÄÒ»³¡É§ÂÒ¡¡£¨²Î¿´µÚÊ®ÈýÕÂ×¢£§265£§£©ÖУ¬Óиö½ÐÆÕÂ×»ùÌصÄÉÏξº°³ö¡°ºÁ²»³ÙÒɵؿªÇ¹¡±µÄ¿ÚÁî¡£´ÓÄÇÒÔºó£¬Õâ±ã³ÉΪ°®¶ûÀ¼ÈË·´¶ÔÓ¢¹ú¸ßѹÕþ²ßµÄ¿ÚºÅ¡£
£§76£§¡¶¹þÄ·À³´ý¡·µÚ5Ä»ÒÔÂñÔá°Â·ÆÀûæ«¿ªÍ·£¬ÒÔ¹þÄ·À³ÌصÈÖÚÈ˲ÒËÀ¸æÖÕ¡£
£§77£§Ë¹Î²®¶÷£¨¼ûµÚÒ»ÕÂ×¢£§12£§£©Ôøд¹ýÒ»Ê×Ê®ËÄÐÐÊ«¡¶°§µ¿±¾É­ÉÏξ¡·£¨1901£©ÏòËÀÔÚ²¼¶û·ý²ӪÖеı¾É­ÉÏξÖ°§£¬²¢ÔÞÑïÓ¢¾üΪ°üÀ¨¸¾ÈæÔÚÄڵIJ¼¶ûÊÐÃñ½¨Á¢Á˼¯ÖÐÓª¡£ÓÐÈËÁ¢¼´×«ÎÄÅúÆÀÁËËû¡£Ëû·´²µËµ£¬¼ÈÈ»²¼¶ûÈËÅ°´ýÁËÓ¢¹úÕ½·ý£¬°ÑËûÃǹØÈ뼯ÖÐÓªÒ²ÊÇÓ¦¸ÃµÄ¡£
£§78£§ÔÚµÒ¸ü˹µÄµÚÒ»²¿³¤ÆªÐ¡Ëµ¡¶Æ¥¿ËÍþ¿ËÍâ´«¡·£¨1836Ò»1837£©µÚ8ÕÂÖУ¬ÅÖС×ÓÇÇ£¨Îֵ¶ûÏÈÉúµÄÆÍÈË£©ÏòÎֵ¶ûÌ«Ì«±¨¸æËû¿´¼ûÎֵ¶ûС×éÔõÑùºÍÆ¥¿ËÍþ¿ËÅɵÄÒ»¸ö³ÉÔ±ÓäÇé¡£ËûÅüÍ·¾Í˵£º¡°ÎÒÏë°ÑÄãÏŵÃë¹Çã¤È»¡£¡±
£§79£§¡°Ìý×Å£¬Ìý×Å£¬°¡£¬Ìý×Å£¡¡±Ò»Óï³ö×Ô¡¶¹þÄ·²ËÌØ¡·µÚ1Ä»µÚ5³¡Àï¹í»ê¶Ô¹þÄ·À³ÌØÍõ×ÓËù˵µĄ̈´Ê¡£
£§80£§ÕâÊǹí»ê½ÓÉÏÒ»¾äËù˵µÄ»°£¬È«¾äÊÇ£º¡°ÒªÊÇÄãÔø¾­°®¹ýÄãÇ×°®µÄ¸¸Çסª¡ª¡±
£§81£§É¯Ê¿±ÈÑǵĹÊÏç°£ÎĺÓÅÏ˹ÌØÀ­Ìظ£ÕòλÓÚÂ׶ØÎ÷±±£¬Õ¹ÎÖÀï¿Ë¿¤¡£
£§8Z£§Ô­ÎÄΪÀ­¶¡ÎÄ¡£¾ÝÌìÖ÷½ÌµÄÉñѧ£¬Ö¸¡¶¾ÉÔ¼¡·Öеij¤ÀϺÍÏÈÖªµÄÁé»ê±»ÓĽûµÄµØ·½¡£×÷ΪÒÁÀöɯ°×ʱ´úµÄÙµÓÔòÖ¸ÀÎÓü¡£¼ûɯʿ±ÈÑǵÄÀúÊ·¾ç¡¶ºàÀû°ËÊÀ¡·µÚ5Ä»µÚ4³¡¡£
£§83£§°ÍÀè԰ָʮÁùÊÀ¼ÍÖÁÊ®°ËÊÀ¼ÍÖ®¼ä×øÂäÓÚ»·Çò¾ç³¡¸½½üµÄÐÜÔ°¡£Èø¿ËÑ·´óÐÜÊǸÃÔ°µÄһͷÖøÃûµÄÐÜ¡£²Î¿´¡¶ÎÂɯµÄ·çÁ÷Äï¶ùÃÇ¡·¡¡µÚ1Ä»µÚ1³¡Ä©Î²Ë¹À¼µÂµĄ̈´Ê¡£¸¥ÀÊÎ÷˹¡£µÂÀ׿˾ôÊ¿£¨Ô¼1540£­1596£©£¬Ó¢¹úº½º£¼Ò£¬Ò»Îå°Ë°ËÄêËûÔøÂÊÁì½¢¶Ó»÷À£Î÷°àÑÀÎ޵н¢¶Ó¡£°´£ºµ±Ê±³Ø×ùÀïµÄ¹ÛÖÚ¶¼Õ¾×Å¿´Ï·£¬²¢ÏòС··Âò¸÷ÖÖÁãʳ¡£
£§84£§¡°°£ÎĺӵÄÌì¶ì¡±¼´Ö¸É¯Ê¿±ÈÑÇ¡£ÕâÊDZ¾¡£ÇíÉ­ÔÚ¡¶É¯Ê¿±ÈÑÇÏ·¾çÈ«¼¯¡·£¨1623£©µÄÐòÊ«ÖУ¬¶Ôɯʿ±ÈÑǵijÆÓþ¡£
£§85£§¡°³¡×ӵĹ¹Í¼¡±Ò»Óï³ö×ÔÒÀÄɾô¡£ÂÞÒ«À­µÄ¡¶Ê¥¹¦¡·£¨1548£©¡£
£§86£§ÒÁÀöɯ°×ʱ´úµÄÎę̀ȫ¿¿ÈÕ¹âÕÕÃ÷£¬Ã»Óеƹ⡣¿¿½üºǫ́´¦Óиö¶¥Å½Ð×÷°µ´¦£¬±ãÓÚÉÏÑÝÓÄÁé³öûµÄ³¡Ãæ¡£
£§87£§¡°ÊǹúÍõ£¬ÓÖ²»ÊǹúÍõ¡±£¬¼û¸¥ÀÊÎ÷˹¡£±«ÃÉÌØ£¨1584£­1616£©ÓëÔ¼º²¡£¸¥À³³¹£¨1579£­1625£©ºÏдµÄͬÃû±¯Ï²¾ç£¨1611£©¡£
£§88£§Ó¢¹úÊ«ÈË¡¢Ï·¾ç¼ÒÄá¹ÅÀ­Ë¹¡£ÂÞ£¨1674£­1718£©²éÃ÷£¬É¯Ê¿±ÈÑÇÔø°çÑݹý¡¶¹þÄ·À³ÌØ¡·ÖеÄÓÄÁéÕâÒ»½ÇÉ«¡£
£§89£§À¯²¼ÊǹüÔÚÒÅÌåÉÏ·À¸¯Óõġ£¡°¸

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ