historical lectures and essays(查尔斯金斯利历史讲座)-第18章
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working out the beast； And let the ape and tiger die。
But to return。 Down among them there at Montpellier； like a
brilliant meteor； flashed this wonderful Rabelais； in the year 1530。 He had
fled； some say； for his life。 Like Erasmus； he had no mind to be a martyr；
and he had been terrified at the execution of poor Louis de Berquin； his
friend； and the friend of Erasmus likewise。 This Louis de Berquin； a man
well known in those days； was a gallant young gentleman and scholar；
holding a place in the court of Francis I。； who had translated into French
the works of Erasmus； Luther； and Melancthon； and had asserted that it
was heretical to invoke the Virgin Mary instead of the Holy Spirit； or to
call her our Hope and our Life； which titlesBerquin averredbelonged
alone to God。 Twice had the doctors of the Sorbonne； with that terrible
persecutor； Noel Beda； at their head； seized poor Berquin； and tried to
burn his books and him； twice had that angel in human form； Marguerite
d'Angouleme； sister of Francis I。； saved him from their clutches； but when
Francistaken prisoner at the battle of Pavia at last returned from his
captivity in Spain； the suppression of heresy and the burning of heretics
seemed to him and to his mother； Louise of Savoy； a thank…offering so
acceptable to God； that Louis Berquinwho would not； in spite of the
entreaties of Erasmus； purchase his life by silencewas burnt at last on the
Place de Greve； being first strangled； because he was of gentle blood。
Montpellier received its famous guest joyfully。 Rabelais was now
forty…two years old； and a distinguished savant； so they excused him his
three years' undergraduate's career； and invested him at once with the red
gown of the bachelors。 That red gownor； rather； the ragged phantom of
itis still shown at Montpellier； and must be worn by each bachelor when
he takes his degree。 Unfortunately； antiquarians assure us that the
precious garment has been renewed again and againthe students having
clipped bits of it away for relics； and clipped as earnestly from the new
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gowns as their predecessors had done from the authentic original。
Doubtless； the ing of such a man among them to lecture on the
Aphorisms of Hippocrates； and the Ars Parva of Galen； not from the Latin
translations then in use； but from original Greek texts； with ments and
corrections of his own； must have had a great influence on the minds of
the Montpellier students； and still more influence and that not altogether
a good onemust Rabelais's lighter talk have had； as he loungedso the
story goesin his dressing…gown upon the public place； picking up quaint
stories from the cattle… drivers off the Cevennes； and the villagers who
came in to sell their olives and their grapes； their vinegar and their vine…
twig faggots； as they do unto this day。 To him may be owing much of the
sound respect for natural science； and much； too； of the contempt for the
superstition around them； which is notable in that group of great
naturalists who were boys in Montpellier at that day。 Rabelais seems to
have liked Rondelet； and no wonder： he was a cheery； lovable； honest
little fellow； very fond of jokes； a great musician and player on the violin；
and who； when he grew rich； liked nothing so well as to bring into his
house any buffoon or strolling… player to make fun for him。 Vivacious he
was； hot…tempered； forgiving； and with a power of learning and a power of
work which were prodigious； even in those hard…working days。 Rabelais
chaffs Rondelet； under the name of Rondibilis； for； indeed； Rondelet grew
up into a very round； fat； little man； but Rabelais puts excellent sense into
his mouth； cynical enough； and too cynical； but both learned and
humorous； and； if he laughs at him for being shocked at the offer of a fee；
and taking it； nevertheless； kindly enough； Rondelet is not the first doctor
who has done that； neither will he be the last。
Rondelet； in his turn； put on the red robe of the bachelor； and received；
on taking his degree； his due share of fisticuffs from his dearest friends；
according to the ancient custom of the University of Montpellier。 He
then went off to practise medicine in a village at the foot of the Alps； and；
half…starved； to teach little children。 Then he found he must learn Greek；
went off to Paris a second time； and alleviated his poverty there somewhat
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by being tutor to a son of the Viste de Turenne。 There he met
Gonthier of Andernach； who had taught anatomy at Louvain to the great
Vesalius； and learned from him to dissect。 We next find him setting up as
a medical man amid the wild volcanic hills of the Auvergne； struggling
still with poverty； like Erasmus； like George Buchanan； like almost every
great scholar in those days； for students then had to wander from place to
place； generally on foot； in search of new teachers； in search of books； in
search of the necessaries of life； undergoing such an amount of bodily and
mental toil as makes it wonderful that all of them did notas some of them
doubtless diddie under the hard training； or； at best； desert the penurious
Muses for the paternal shop or plough。
Rondelet got his doctorate in 1537； and next year fell in love with and
married a beautiful young girl called Jeanne Sandre； who seems to have
been as poor as he。
But he had gained； meanwhile； a powerful patron； and the patronage of
the great was then as necessary to men of letters as the patronage of the
public is now。 Guillaume Pellicier； Bishop of Maguelonneor rather
then of Montpellier itself； whither he had persuaded Paul II。 to transfer the
ancient seewas a model of the literary gentleman of the sixteenth century；
a savant； a diplomat； a collector of books and manuscripts； Greek； Hebrew；
and Syriac； which formed the original nucleus of the present library of the
Louvre； a botanist； too； who loved to wander with Rondelet collecting
plants and flowers。 He retired from public life to peace and science at
Montpellier； when to the evil days of his master； Francis I。； succeeded the
still worse days of Henry II。； and Diana of Poitiers。 That Jezebel of France
could conceive no more natural or easy way of atoning for her own sins
than that of hunting down heretics； and feasting her wicked eyesso it is
saidupon their dying torments。 Bishop Pellicier fell under suspicion of
heresy： very probably with some justice。 He fell； too； under suspicion
of leading a life unworthy of a celibate churchman； a fault whichif it
really existedwas； in those days； pardonable enough in an orthodox
prelate； but not so in one whose orthodoxy was suspected。 And for
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awhile Pellicier was in prison。 After his release he gave himself up to
science； with Rondelet and the school of disciples who were growing up
around him。 They rediscovered together the Garum； that classic sauce；
whose praises had been sung of old by Horace； Martial； and Ausonius； and
so child…like； superstitious if you will； was the reverence in the sixteenth
century for classic antiquity； that when Pellicier and Rondelet discovered
that the Garum was made from the fish called Picarelcalled Garon by the
fishers of Antibes； and Giroli at Venice； both these last names corruptions
of the Latin Gerresthen did the two fashionable poets of France； Etienne
Dolet and Clement Marot； think it not unworthy of their muse to sing the
praises of the sauce which Horace had sung of old。 A proud day； too； was
it for Pellicier and Rondelet； when wandering somewhere in the marshes
of the Camargue； a scent of garlic caught the nostrils of the gentle bishop；
and in the lovely pink flowers of the water…germander he recogn
